通讯录管理系统


通讯录管理系统

1.前言

通讯录是一个可以记录联系人信息的工具。

目的:利用C++实现一个通讯录管理系统

实现功能:

1.菜单功能

2.退出功能

3.添加、显示、删除、查找、修改、清空联系人

基础知识:C++入门语法

2.各个功能的设计与实现

1.菜单功能

创建showMenu函数创建菜单:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
void showMenu()
{
cout << "请输入命令前对应的数字来完成命令" << endl;
cout << "\t1.添加联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t2.显示联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t3.删除联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t4.查找联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t5.修改联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t6.清空联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t0.退出通讯录" << endl;
}

2.退出功能

思路:根据用户不同的选择,进入不同的功能,选择switch分支结构将整个架构进行搭建。

1
2
3
case 0:
cout << "您已退出通讯录,欢迎您的使用" << endl;
system("pause");

3.添加联系人

添加信息:姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址

设计联系人和通讯录结构体
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
//联系人结构体
struct Person
{
string m_Name;
int m_Sex;
int m_Age;
string m_Phone;
string m_Addr;
};

//通讯录结构体
struct Addressbook
{
struct Person personArray[Max];
int m_Size;
};
main函数中创建通讯录(实例化)
1
2
Addressbook abs;//创建通讯录结构体变量
abs.m_Size = 0;//初始化结构体变量中int型变量m_Size的值
封装添加联系人函数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
void addPerson(Addressbook *abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size == Max)
{
cout << "通讯录已满员,无法添加联系人" << endl;
return;
}

else
{
string name;
cout << "请输入添加人姓名: " << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;

//这部分输入性别的时候并不输入数字,比如输入一个字符,会进入循环
/*改进到输入字符也算输入的信息有误
1.将sex的int类型改为char型
2.cin.ignore()函数*/
int sex;
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入添加人性别(1表示男,2表示女): " << endl;
cin >> sex;
if (sex ==1|| sex ==2)
{
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
break;//跳出循环,直到输入sex等于1或2
}
else
{
cout << "输入的信息有误,请重新输入!" << endl;
}
}

int age;
cout << "请输入添加人年龄: " << endl;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;

string phone;
cout << "请输入添加人电话号码: " << endl;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;

string address;
cout << "请输入添加人地址: " << endl;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr = address;

abs->m_Size++;//更新通讯录人数

cout << "添加成功" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");//清屏
}
}

4.显示联系人

操作简单,遍历结构体数组即可。

5.删除联系人

实现功能:按照姓名进行删除指定联系人

实验步骤:

1.封装检测联系人是否存在
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
int isExist(Addressbook *abs,string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
{
return i;
}

}
return -1;
}
2.封装删测联系人函数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
void deletePerson(Addressbook* abs)
{
cout << "请输入你要删除的联系人的姓名: " << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isExist(abs, name);
if (res == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人!" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int j = res; j < abs->m_Size; j++)
{
abs->personArray[j] = abs->personArray[j + 1];//数据前移
}
abs->m_Size--;//更新通讯录中的人数
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}

6.查找联系人

原理同显示联系人和检测联系人是否存在,操作简单。

7.修改联系人

原理同添加联系人和检测联系人是否存在,操作简单。

8.清空联系人

只需令abs_m_Size=0即可清空联系人。

3.完整代码

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#define Max 1000


//联系人结构体
struct Person
{
string m_Name;
int m_Sex;
int m_Age;
string m_Phone;
string m_Addr;
};

//通讯录结构体
struct Addressbook
{
struct Person personArray[Max];
int m_Size;
};


void showMenu()
{
cout << "请输入命令前对应的数字来完成命令" << endl;
cout << "\t1.添加联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t2.显示联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t3.删除联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t4.查找联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t5.修改联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t6.清空联系人" << endl;
cout << "\t0.退出通讯录" << endl;
}


//封装添加联系人函数
void addPerson(Addressbook *abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size == Max)
{
cout << "通讯录已满员,无法添加联系人" << endl;
return;
}

else
{
string name;
cout << "请输入添加人姓名: " << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;

//这部分输入性别的时候并不输入数字,比如输入一个字符,会进入循环
/*改进到输入字符也算输入的信息有误
1.将sex的int类型改为char型
2.cin.ignore()函数*/
int sex;
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入添加人性别(1表示男,2表示女): " << endl;
cin >> sex;
if (sex ==1|| sex ==2)
{
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
break;//跳出循环,直到输入sex等于1或2
}
else
{
cout << "输入的信息有误,请重新输入!" << endl;
}
}

int age;
cout << "请输入添加人年龄: " << endl;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;

string phone;
cout << "请输入添加人电话号码: " << endl;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;

string address;
cout << "请输入添加人地址: " << endl;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[abs->m_Size].m_Addr = address;

abs->m_Size++;//更新通讯录人数

cout << "添加成功" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");//清屏
}
}

//封装显示联系人函数
void showPerson(Addressbook* abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size == 0)
{
cout << "通讯录暂无联系人" << endl;
return;
}

else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[i].m_Sex==1?"男":"女" )<< "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话号码: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "地址: " << abs->personArray[i].m_Addr << endl;
}

}
system("pause");
system("cls");

}

//检测联系人是否存在,如果存在,返回联系人所在结构体数组中的具体位置,若不存在,返回-1
//参数一通讯录,参数二对比的姓名(检测的联系人)
int isExist(Addressbook *abs,string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
{
return i;
}

}
return -1;
}


//封装删除指定联系人函数
void deletePerson(Addressbook* abs)
{
cout << "请输入你要删除的联系人的姓名: " << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isExist(abs, name);
if (res == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人!" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int j = res; j < abs->m_Size; j++)
{
abs->personArray[j] = abs->personArray[j + 1];//数据前移
}
abs->m_Size--;//更新通讯录中的人数
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}

//封装查找联系人函数
void findPerson(Addressbook *abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要查找的联系人: " << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res= isExist(abs, name);
if (res == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "姓名: " << abs->personArray[res].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别: " << (abs->personArray[res].m_Sex==1?"男":"女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄: " << abs->personArray[res].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话号码: " << abs->personArray[res].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址: " << abs->personArray[res].m_Addr << "\t";
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}

//封装修改联系人函数
void modifyPerson(Addressbook* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要修改的联系人: " << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int res = isExist(abs, name);
if (res != -1)
{
string name;
cout << "请修改指定人姓名: " << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[res].m_Name = name;

int sex;
while (1)
{
cout << "请修改指定人性别(1表示男,2表示女): " << endl;
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
{
abs->personArray[res].m_Sex = sex;
break;//跳出循环,直到输入sex等于1或2
}
else
{
cout << "输入的信息有误,请重新输入!" << endl;
}
}

int age;
cout << "请修改指定人年龄: " << endl;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[res].m_Age = age;

string phone;
cout << "请修改指定人电话号码: " << endl;
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[res].m_Phone = phone;

string address;
cout << "请修改指定人地址: " << endl;
cin >> address;
abs->personArray[res].m_Addr = address;
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}

//封装清空联系人函数
void cleanPerson(Addressbook* abs)
{
abs->m_Size = 0;
cout << "通讯录已清空" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}

int main()
{
Addressbook abs;//创建通讯录结构体变量
abs.m_Size = 0;//初始化结构体变量中int型变量m_Size的值

int s = 0;//创建用户选择数字的变量
while (1)
{
showMenu();//显示菜单
cin >> s;
switch (s)
{
case 1:
addPerson(&abs);//利用地址传递,将结构体变量的地址传进去,真正修饰结构体数据
break;
case 2:
showPerson(&abs);
break;
case 3:
deletePerson(&abs);
break;
case 4:
findPerson(&abs);
break;
case 5:
modifyPerson(&abs);
break;
case 6:
cleanPerson(&abs);
break;
case 0:
cout << "您已退出通讯录,欢迎您的使用" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;//跳出while循环
break;
}
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}

文章作者: Andy
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特別声明外,均采用 CC BY 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来源 Andy !
  目录